/* Article 09: scoped visual implementation. Shared styles remain unchanged. */
.article09-visual{--a9-navy:#12355f;--a9-blue:#1e4f8f;--a9-soft:#edf4fb;--a9-line:#c8d9e8;max-width:960px;padding:30px 28px 72px;color:#24394b;font-size:18px;line-height:1.8}
.article09-visual *{box-sizing:border-box;min-width:0}
.article09-visual p{max-width:none;margin:14px 0;font-size:inherit;line-height:1.8}
.article09-visual a{color:var(--a9-blue);text-underline-offset:.18em}
.article09-visual a:focus-visible,.article09-visual summary:focus-visible{outline:3px solid #225f9f;outline-offset:5px}
.article09-visual strong{font-weight:750;color:var(--a9-navy)}
.article09-visual .breadcrumb{font-size:13px;line-height:1.8;margin:0 0 26px;overflow-wrap:anywhere}
.article09-visual .a9-hero{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.24fr 1fr;gap:12px;align-items:center;margin-bottom:18px}
.article09-visual .category-badge{background:var(--a9-soft);color:var(--a9-blue);font-size:13px;letter-spacing:.04em}
.article09-visual h1{margin:13px 0 8px;font-size:36px!important;line-height:1.5!important;letter-spacing:0!important;white-space:normal!important;color:var(--a9-navy);padding:0;border:0}
.article09-visual .a9-title-main{display:block;font-size:1em;line-height:1.5;font-weight:800}
.article09-visual .a9-title-main em{font-style:normal;color:var(--a9-blue);background:linear-gradient(transparent 73%,#dfeaf5 73%)}
.article09-visual .a9-title-sub{display:block;margin-top:10px;font-size:19px;line-height:1.65;font-weight:600;color:#4c6173}
.article09-visual .a9-byline{font-size:13px;color:#526778;margin:14px 0}
.article09-visual figure{margin:0}.article09-visual .a9-hero-illustration{display:block;width:100%;height:auto}
.article09-visual .a9-icon{width:44px;height:46px;flex:none;color:var(--a9-blue);vertical-align:middle}
.article09-visual .a9-answer{border:1px solid var(--a9-line);border-top:4px solid var(--a9-blue);border-radius:12px;background:var(--a9-soft);padding:19px 26px;margin:0}
.article09-visual .a9-answer h2{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:8px;border:0;padding:0;margin:0 0 10px;font-size:16px!important;font-weight:800;line-height:1.5!important;color:var(--a9-blue)}
.article09-visual .a9-answer .a9-icon{width:27px;height:29px}
.article09-visual .a9-answer p{margin:9px 0 0}.article09-visual .a9-answer p:first-of-type{font-size:23px;line-height:1.65}
.article09-visual .a9-safety{border-left:3px solid #c9a365;margin:18px 0 24px;padding:0 0 0 15px}
.article09-visual .a9-safety p{font-size:16px;margin:0}.article09-visual .a9-safety strong{font-weight:600}
.article09-visual .a9-toc{margin:26px 0 40px}.article09-visual .a9-toc h2{font-size:18px!important;line-height:1.6!important;border:0;margin:0 0 13px;padding:0 .5em;color:var(--a9-navy)}
.article09-visual .a9-toc-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,minmax(0,1fr));gap:10px}
.article09-visual .a9-toc-grid a{display:grid;grid-template-columns:36px 1fr 12px;align-items:center;gap:10px;border:1px solid var(--a9-line);border-radius:9px;padding:14px 12px;background:#fff;text-decoration:none;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;font-weight:750}
.article09-visual .a9-toc-grid a:hover{background:var(--a9-soft)}.article09-visual .a9-toc-grid .a9-icon{width:32px;height:34px}.article09-visual .a9-toc-grid b{font-size:18px;color:#577e9e}
.article09-visual .a9-section{margin:44px 0 0}.article09-visual h2{font-size:26px!important;line-height:1.55!important;letter-spacing:0!important;color:var(--a9-navy);margin:0 0 18px;padding:0 .5em .55em;border:0;border-bottom:2px solid var(--a9-line);scroll-margin-top:105px}
.article09-visual h3{font-size:21px!important;line-height:1.65!important;color:var(--a9-navy);margin:26px 0 12px;padding-left:.5em;border:0;background:none}
.article09-visual h4{padding-left:.5em;font-size:17px;line-height:1.6;margin:0 0 6px;color:var(--a9-navy)}
.article09-visual h2::before,.article09-visual h2::after,.article09-visual h3::before,.article09-visual h3::after{display:none!important}
.article09-visual table{width:100%;border-collapse:separate;border-spacing:0;margin:22px 0 12px;border:1px solid var(--a9-line);border-radius:10px;overflow:hidden;table-layout:fixed;font-size:17px}
.article09-visual th,.article09-visual td{border:0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--a9-line);padding:14px 17px;text-align:left;line-height:1.65;vertical-align:middle;background:#fff;overflow-wrap:anywhere}
.article09-visual thead th{background:var(--a9-navy);color:#fff;font-size:15px;width:auto}.article09-visual tbody th{font-weight:600;width:44%;background:#f5f8fc}.article09-visual tbody tr:last-child>*{border-bottom:0}
.article09-visual .a9-damage-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);border:1px solid var(--a9-line);border-radius:12px;margin:22px 0;overflow:hidden;background:#f7fafd}
.article09-visual .a9-damage-item{text-align:center;padding:22px 15px;border-right:1px solid var(--a9-line)}.article09-visual .a9-damage-item:last-child{border-right:0}
.article09-visual .a9-damage-item .a9-icon{width:67px;height:70px;margin-bottom:10px}.article09-visual .a9-damage-item span{display:block;font-size:15px;line-height:1.6;min-height:48px}.article09-visual .a9-damage-item strong{display:block;font-size:20px;margin-top:8px}
.article09-visual .a9-step{position:relative;margin:0 0 22px;padding:0 0 22px;border-bottom:1px solid #dde7ef}.article09-visual .a9-step:last-child{margin-bottom:0;padding-bottom:0;border:0}
.article09-visual .a9-step h3{display:flex;gap:13px;align-items:center;margin-top:22px;padding-left:0}.article09-visual .a9-step-num{display:grid;place-items:center;background:var(--a9-blue);color:#fff;font-size:15px;font-weight:700;border-radius:50%;flex:0 0 38px;height:38px}
.article09-visual ul{padding-left:1.4em;margin:16px 0}.article09-visual li{margin:7px 0;font-size:inherit;line-height:1.75}
.article09-visual .a9-equation{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 26px 1fr 26px 1fr;gap:9px;align-items:center;margin:24px 0 12px;text-align:center}
.article09-visual .a9-equation>div{padding:18px 10px;border:1px solid var(--a9-line);border-radius:10px;background:#f7fafd}.article09-visual .a9-equation span{font-size:15px;display:block;line-height:1.5}.article09-visual .a9-equation strong{display:block;font-size:40px;line-height:1.4;margin-top:6px;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums}.article09-visual .a9-equation small{font-size:17px;padding-left:3px}.article09-visual .a9-equation>b{font-size:27px;color:#526f89}
.article09-visual .a9-equation .a9-equation-result{background:var(--a9-navy);border-color:var(--a9-navy);color:#fff}.article09-visual .a9-equation-result strong{color:#fff}
.article09-visual .a9-equation+p{font-size:15px;color:#465e72;line-height:1.8;margin:8px 0 20px}
.article09-visual .a9-grade{background:var(--a9-soft);border-radius:12px;padding:20px 22px;margin:22px 0}.article09-visual .a9-grade .a9-grade-intro{margin:0 0 16px;font-size:16px;text-align:center;font-weight:700}
.article09-visual .a9-grade-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:18px;text-align:center}.article09-visual .a9-grade-grid>div{font-size:15px;line-height:1.7}.article09-visual .a9-grade-grid>div+div{border-left:1px solid #adc5db}.article09-visual .a9-grade-grid strong{font-size:40px;display:block;line-height:1.4;margin-top:5px}.article09-visual .a9-grade-grid span{font-size:19px;padding-left:6px}
.article09-visual .a9-grade .a9-condition{margin:16px 0 0;padding-top:13px;border-top:1px solid #cadbe9;font-size:15px;line-height:1.8;color:#465e72}
.article09-visual .a9-faq{border-bottom:1px solid var(--a9-line);margin:0;background:#fff;padding:0}.article09-visual .a9-faq summary{position:relative;cursor:pointer;font-size:18px;font-weight:700;line-height:1.75;padding:20px 34px 20px .5em;color:var(--a9-navy);list-style:none}.article09-visual .a9-faq summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none}.article09-visual .a9-faq summary::after{content:'＋';position:absolute;right:5px;top:21px;font-weight:400}.article09-visual .a9-faq[open] summary::after{content:'−'}.article09-visual .a9-faq>div{padding:0 .5em 15px}.article09-visual .a9-faq p{margin:0 0 13px}
.article09-visual .a9-ref{white-space:nowrap;font-size:11px;margin-left:2px;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.article09-visual .a9-ref a{text-decoration:none}
.article09-visual .a9-references{border-top:1px solid var(--a9-line);margin-top:44px;padding-top:26px}.article09-visual .a9-references h2{font-size:20px!important;border:0;margin-bottom:10px}.article09-visual .a9-references p,.article09-visual .a9-references li{font-size:14px;line-height:1.8}.article09-visual .a9-references ol{padding-left:1.6em}.article09-visual .a9-references li{scroll-margin-top:110px;overflow-wrap:anywhere;margin:9px 0}
.article09-page .a9-skip{position:fixed;top:-100px;left:10px;background:#fff;color:#12355f;padding:12px;z-index:200}.article09-page .a9-skip:focus{top:10px}.article09-page .site-footer .logo small{white-space:normal}
@media(max-width:700px){.article09-visual{padding:24px 18px 54px;font-size:17px!important;line-height:1.8!important}.article09-visual .a9-hero{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:0;margin-bottom:18px}.article09-visual h1{font-size:clamp(25px,7.1vw,29px)!important}.article09-visual .a9-title-sub{font-size:17px}.article09-visual .a9-hero figure{max-width:290px;width:83%;margin:0 auto}.article09-visual .a9-byline{margin:10px 0 0}.article09-visual .breadcrumb{margin-bottom:16px;font-size:12px}.article09-visual .a9-answer{padding:17px 18px}.article09-visual .a9-answer p:first-of-type{font-size:21px}.article09-visual .a9-answer p:last-of-type{font-size:16px}.article09-visual .a9-safety p{font-size:15px}.article09-visual .a9-toc-grid{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr));gap:8px}.article09-visual .a9-toc-grid a{grid-template-columns:28px 1fr;gap:8px;padding:13px 10px;font-size:14px}.article09-visual .a9-toc-grid a>b{display:none}.article09-visual .a9-toc-grid .a9-icon{width:27px;height:29px}.article09-visual .a9-section{margin-top:40px}.article09-visual h2{font-size:23px!important;margin-bottom:16px}.article09-visual h3{font-size:19px!important}.article09-visual p{font-size:17px;line-height:1.8!important}.article09-visual .a9-damage-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr}.article09-visual .a9-damage-item{display:flex;text-align:left;align-items:center;gap:19px;padding:16px 20px;border-right:0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--a9-line)}.article09-visual .a9-damage-item:last-child{border-bottom:0}.article09-visual .a9-damage-item .a9-icon{width:57px;height:59px;margin:0}.article09-visual .a9-damage-item span{min-height:0;font-size:14px}.article09-visual .a9-damage-item strong{font-size:20px;margin-top:3px}.article09-visual table{font-size:15px}.article09-visual th,.article09-visual td{padding:12px 10px;font-size:15px}.article09-visual thead th{font-size:14px}.article09-visual .a9-equation{grid-template-columns:1fr 17px 1fr 17px 1fr;gap:3px}.article09-visual .a9-equation>div{padding:14px 4px}.article09-visual .a9-equation span{font-size:13px;min-height:39px;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center}.article09-visual .a9-equation strong{font-size:29px;line-height:1.4;white-space:nowrap}.article09-visual .a9-equation small{font-size:12px;padding-left:1px}.article09-visual .a9-equation>b{font-size:21px}.article09-visual .a9-grade{padding:18px 15px}.article09-visual .a9-grade-grid{gap:10px}.article09-visual .a9-grade-grid>div{font-size:14px}.article09-visual .a9-grade-grid strong{font-size:34px}.article09-visual .a9-grade-grid span{font-size:16px;display:block;padding:0}.article09-visual .a9-grade .a9-grade-intro{font-size:15px}.article09-visual .a9-faq summary{font-size:17px}}
@media(prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){.article09-page{scroll-behavior:auto}.article09-page *{animation:none!important;transition:none!important}}
@media print{.article09-page .site-header,.article09-page .site-footer,.article09-page .a9-skip{display:none}.article09-visual{max-width:none;padding:0}.article09-visual .a9-faq>div{display:block}.article09-visual section{break-inside:auto}.article09-visual h2{break-after:avoid}}

@media(max-width:360px){.article09-visual .a9-equation{grid-template-columns:1fr 15px 1fr 15px 1fr;gap:2px}.article09-visual .a9-equation strong{font-size:27px}.article09-visual .a9-equation small{font-size:11px}}

/* Workshop observations form the main explanation, followed by a compact decision flow. */
.article09-visual .a9-step h4{font-size:19px;margin:20px 0 12px}
.article09-visual .a9-repair-flow{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) 26px minmax(0,1fr) 26px minmax(0,1.25fr);gap:8px;align-items:center;margin:24px 0;padding:20px 12px;border-top:1px solid var(--a9-line);border-bottom:1px solid var(--a9-line)}
.article09-visual .a9-flow-item{text-align:center;padding:4px 8px}
.article09-visual .a9-flow-item .a9-icon{display:block;margin:0 auto 10px;width:38px;height:40px}
.article09-visual .a9-flow-item strong{display:block;font-size:16px;line-height:1.6;overflow-wrap:anywhere}
.article09-visual .a9-flow-arrow{display:block;width:26px;text-align:center;color:#577e9e;font-size:25px;line-height:1.2}
.article09-visual .a9-flow-arrow::before{content:'→'}
@media(max-width:700px){.article09-visual .a9-repair-flow{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:10px;padding:20px 14px}.article09-visual .a9-flow-item{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:14px;text-align:left;padding:0}.article09-visual .a9-flow-item .a9-icon{margin:0;flex:0 0 38px}.article09-visual .a9-flow-arrow{margin:auto}.article09-visual .a9-flow-arrow::before{content:'↓'}}

/* Article 9 end-of-article reading list. Existing in-text CTAs are retained. */
.article09-visual .a9-related-card{box-sizing:border-box;margin:20px 0;padding:22px 24px;border:1px solid #cddded;border-radius:10px;background:#f8fbff;}
.article09-visual .a9-related-card>strong{display:block;margin:0 0 10px;color:#12355f;font-size:18px;line-height:1.65;}
.article09-visual .a9-related-card>p{margin:0 0 8px;font-size:16px;line-height:1.8;color:#263e54;}
.article09-visual .a9-related-card>a{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:.55em;box-sizing:border-box;min-height:44px;max-width:100%;color:#1e4f8f;font-size:17px;font-weight:800;line-height:1.7;text-decoration:none;overflow-wrap:anywhere;}
.article09-visual .a9-related-card>a>span{flex-shrink:0;}
.article09-visual .a9-related-card>a:hover{text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:4px;}
.article09-visual .a9-related-card>a:focus-visible{outline:3px solid #a54c00;outline-offset:4px;border-radius:3px;}
@media(max-width:700px){.article09-visual .a9-related-card{margin:16px 0;padding:18px;}.article09-visual .a9-related-card>strong{font-size:17px;}.article09-visual .a9-related-card>a{font-size:16px;}}

/* Article 9 additions. No shared CSS changes. */
.article09-visual .a9-next{padding:18px 22px;border:1px solid #cddded;border-left:4px solid #6b94b9;background:#f8fbff;border-radius:9px;margin:22px 0}
.article09-visual .a9-next>strong{display:block;font-size:18px}.article09-visual .a9-next p{font-size:16px;margin:7px 0}
.article09-visual .a9-next-link{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:.5em;min-height:44px;font-weight:750;line-height:1.7;text-decoration:none;overflow-wrap:anywhere}
.article09-visual .a9-next-link:hover{text-decoration:underline}.article09-visual .a9-next-link>span{flex-shrink:0}
.article09-visual .a9-primary{border-color:#1e4f8f}.article09-visual .a9-primary .a9-next-link{background:#12355f;color:#fff;border-radius:7px;padding:12px 16px;margin-top:12px}
.article09-visual .a9-reflection,.article09-visual .a9-methods{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr));gap:12px;margin:24px 0}
.article09-visual .a9-reflection>div{text-align:center;font-size:16px}.article09-visual .a9-reflection svg{display:block;width:100%;height:auto}
.article09-visual figcaption{grid-column:1/-1;font-size:14px;line-height:1.7;color:#526778}
.article09-visual .a9-methods>div{border:1px solid #c8d9e8;border-radius:10px;padding:17px 12px;background:#f7fafd;text-align:center;display:flex;flex-direction:column;justify-content:flex-start;font-size:16px;line-height:1.7}
.article09-visual .a9-down{color:#6485a1;font-size:24px;line-height:1.4}.article09-visual .a9-methods small{font-size:13px;margin-top:7px}
.article09-visual .a9-grade-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr));gap:12px;padding:18px 0;margin:16px 0;border-block:1px solid #c8d9e8;text-align:center}
.article09-visual .a9-grade-grid>div>span{display:block;font-size:16px;min-height:2em}.article09-visual .a9-grade-grid strong{display:block;font-size:40px}.article09-visual .a9-grade-grid small{font-size:17px;margin-left:6px}
.article09-visual h1{padding-left:.5em}.article09-visual .a9-answer h2{padding-left:.5em}
.article09-visual .a9-related-card>p{font-size:16px}.article09-visual .a9-related-card>a{padding:4px 0}
.preview-notice{margin:0;padding:10px 20px;background:#edf4fb;color:#12355f;font-size:14px;text-align:center}
@media(max-width:700px){.article09-visual .a9-next{padding:16px}.article09-visual .a9-next-link{font-size:16px}.article09-visual .a9-methods{grid-template-columns:1fr}.article09-visual .a9-methods>div{padding:16px}.article09-visual .a9-reflection{gap:8px}.article09-visual .a9-reflection>div{font-size:14px}.article09-visual .a9-grade-grid>div>span{font-size:14px;min-height:3.4em}.article09-visual .a9-grade-grid small{display:block;margin:0;font-size:16px}.article09-visual .a9-grade-grid strong{font-size:36px}}

/* User-requested hierarchy within the main title. Keep meaning units together. */
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.article09-visual .a9-title-question{display:flex;align-items:baseline;flex-wrap:wrap;column-gap:.08em;row-gap:0;line-height:1.5}
.article09-visual .a9-title-question em{font-size:42px;line-height:1.5;white-space:nowrap}
.article09-visual .a9-title-tail{font-size:29px;line-height:1.55;white-space:nowrap}
@media(max-width:700px){.article09-visual .a9-title-kicker{font-size:22px}.article09-visual .a9-title-question em{font-size:clamp(32px,8.8vw,38px)}.article09-visual .a9-title-tail{font-size:clamp(20px,5.4vw,23px)}}